英文原來唔會咁寫嘢？😳
上幾篇文章，NoteSity 小編由時態、主語、句構同句子銜接四方面，同大家分析咗中英文嘅分別💁🏻♂️
唔知同學有冇諗過，我哋由細開始接觸中英文，寫作嘅時候係有機會畀另一種語言影響咗㗎😖 呢篇文章，小編就想講吓中式英文（Chinglish）呢個現象～
中式英文，簡單嚟講就係寫或者講英文嗰時，夾硬將中文嘅詞彙或者短語直譯成英文，或者將中文嘅語法套咗落英文度。
呢篇文章，小編揀咗四大類嘅問題同大家討論：
- 詞語配搭（Collocation）
- 句子結構（Sentence Structure）
- 重複用字（Repetition）
- 濫用動詞（Overuse of Verbs）
一、詞語配搭（Collocation）
中文同英文文化背景唔同，詞語配搭自然都會有分別。同大家講個簡單例子：
例一（中）：小明愛喝湯🍲。
例一（英）：Ming loves eating soup.
你可能會話，吓🙄 湯係液體嚟㗎喎，點解唔係飲嘅？原來對英美人嚟講，用隻杯直接「進食」先叫飲，因為湯通常都用隻羹🥄「進食」，所以會配eat呢個動詞。
除咗動詞同名詞嘅配搭，動詞同形容詞（例二），或者名詞同形容詞（例三）嘅配搭，都有機會出現類似嘅問題：
例二（原句）：I don't know why the food costs so high🤑.
中文我哋會講「食物花費高」，但將呢個表達直譯做英文，就會顯得好奇怪，因為英文cost呢個動詞通常同much或者little呢兩個形容詞配搭，而唔係同high或者low做配搭。所以句子應該改做：
例二（改寫一）：I don't know why the food costs so much.
想句子再簡單啲，直接用expensive呢個形容詞都可以：
例二（改寫二）：I don't know why the food is so expensive.
例三（原句）：The policy is not wide enough to cover all food high in sugar, fat and salt🍧🍩🍔.
中文講「政策涵蓋範圍廣」，聽落好順口，但英文唔可以就咁講the policy is not wide，改法就有兩種嘅：
例三（改寫一）：The policy is not sufficiently wide in scope to cover all food high in sugar, fat and salt.
想用返wide呢個形容詞嘅話，就要講清楚係範圍（scope）好廣，scope前面再加返介系詞in。
例三（改寫二）：The policy is not comprehensive enough to cover all food high in sugar, fat and salt.
雖然wide唔可以就咁同policy配搭使用，但係英文有其他形容詞可以就咁同policy搭住用，呢句就可以用comprehensive呢個字。
二、句子結構（Sentence Structure）
小編之前都講過，中英文嘅句構好唔同。用咗中文嘅邏輯嚟寫英文，句子可能會唔夠地道。睇吓下面嘅實際例子，同學應該就明㗎喇😬
例四（原句）：When the dim sum was served to me, I immediately tasted it before it gets cold🥟.
中文嘅話，一句句子用兩個主語都冇問題：「點心送來時，我急不及待試吃，生怕點心會放涼。」
英文嘅話，如非必要，句子應該用返同一個主語。呢句例句，同學可以用I做主語：
例四（改寫）：When I was served the dim sum, I immediately tasted it before it gets cold.
I做主語，dim sum做受詞，句子嘅主語就會統一同易讀好多。呢類改寫通常都唔難，問題在於同學有冇呢個意識😤
例五（原句）：The food is expensive. I guess maybe because of the location in Tsim Sha Tsui📍.
中文嘅句子唔一定要動詞，好似「這家餐廳的食物昂貴」、「餐廳位置很偏僻」呢兩句咁，表達完全冇問題😌 但英文就唔同喇，每句子句（clause）都要有主語同動詞。
你可能會問：例句有兩句句子，用咗兩個主語同動詞，咁唔係就得喇咩？
如果得兩句子句嘅話，的確只需要兩個主語同動詞。問題係，guess後面隱藏咗個that字，換句話說，that之後係一句新嘅子句，需要補上新嘅主語同動詞：
例五（改寫）：The food is expensive.(第一子句) I guess that (第二子句) maybe this is because of the location in Tsim Sha Tsui. (第三子句)
唔止guess，英文仲有好多動詞都會可以跟that-clause，同學想知多啲嘅話，可以睇吓劍橋字典嘅解說～
三、重複用字（Repetition）
中文好常重複用字，有時可以加強語氣，有時可以起到強調嘅作用。英文就唔同喇，比較棹忌用字重複😵 實際上可以點做到？睇吓下面嘅例子啦：
例六（原句）：These two parts are the parts I like the most💛.
簡單一句句子，就已經用咗兩次parts。想避免重複，可以將省略第一個parts：
例六（改寫一）：These two are the parts I like the most.
咁樣句子焦點唔會變咗，亦可以避免重複。如果同學想表達得精簡啲，仲可以講：
例六（改寫二）：I like these two parts the most.
要避免重複，除咗省略呢個方法，仲可以善用近義詞，咁樣既可以表達到相同意思，又唔怕用字太重複：
例七（原句）：Dragon Boat Racing requires members to work as a team, rowing the boat paddle back and forth constantly but rapidly. Working as a team during the race, youngsters can work along with their friends and enjoy the thrilling race🚣🏻♀️.
呢句入面，work、team、race都出現咗好幾次，我哋可以諗吓有咩近義詞可以代替佢哋：
- Work💪🏻：go、interact
- Work along👭：get along
- Team🤜🏻🤛🏻：group
- Race🥇：contest、match、competition
知道有咩近義詞，就可以試吓改寫句子：
例七（改寫）：Dragon Boat Racing requires members to work as a team, rowing the boat paddle back and forth constantly but rapidly. Interacting as a group during the race, youngsters can get along with their friends and enjoy the thrilling match.
句子改寫之後，用字比較多樣，係咪比起原先嘅句子好呢？🤣
雖然小編話英文比較忌重複用字，但絕對唔係話寫作嗰時一個字都唔可以重複。文章好多時都有中心思想，圍繞中心思想嘅字眼都可能會喺文章出現好幾次，咁樣係完全冇問題㗎😤 同學千祈唔好矯枉過正呀～
四、濫用動詞（Overuse of Verbs）
小編之前講過，中文比較多用動詞，英文比較多用名詞。如果用咗中文嘅思維去寫英文，句子往往會有好多不必要嘅動詞，又睇吓下面嘅例子啦：
例八（原句）：Worry that fine dining requires you to have a large budget🥂?
Worry係句子嘅主要動詞（main verb），所以唔可以省略，但係require（requires）或者spend可以保留一個就得。句子可以咁樣改：
例八（改寫一）：Worry that fine dining requires a big budget?
呢句省略咗spend呢個動詞，因為budget同requires已經話到畀我哋聽句子講緊金錢呢個話題。
例八（改寫二）：Worry that a large budget is needed for fine dining?
呢句亦都可以用被動語態（passive voice）表達，只係需要用need呢個動詞就可以表達require嘅意思。
例九（原句）：I have solved different problems focusing on customer service🗃.
呢句入面，solve（have solved）同樣係主要動詞，所以唔可以省略，但係focus（focusing）呢個動詞其實可以省略嘅，因為用介詞（preposition）就可以表達到相同或者相似意思：
例九（改寫）：I have solved different problems about/of customer service.
小結💛
中式英文嘅問題，其實仲有好多種。小編呢篇文章分析嘅係比較常見嘅問題，希望幫到同學寫英文嘅時候，留意自己嘅句子表達夠唔夠自然🙈
不過學語言從來都冇捷徑，想英文寫作進步，都係要多讀好嘅作品（例如係睇吓 NoteSity 網上書店嘅英文範文溫習筆記😊），多磨練自己嘅文筆～
六、實戰題💪🏻
睇完上面嘅分析同例子，想知自己明咗幾多？試吓改寫下面句子嘅中式英文啦！
(About small independent stationery shops in Hong Kong…🖌📌🧷)
These kinds of small businesses already started in the last 20 years. The owners may already become grandparents. (1) They might think about retiring to take care of their children or because they cannot work anymore. (2) After they retired, their sons or daughters may not want to continue their own business since they already get a good job. (3) In this case, the owners have no choice but to close down their business.
參考答案
(1) They might think about retiring because they want to take care of their children or they cannot work anymore🧑🏻🦳👨🏻🦳.
Take care of their children同cannot work anymore其實都係講緊想退休嘅原因，所以將because放喺第一個原因後面比較適當，句子結構都清楚啲～
(2) After (2.1) retirement, their sons or daughters may not want to (2.2) carry on their own business since they already get a good job👨🏻💼👩🏻💼.
2.1：After they retired文法意思都冇問題，不過正如前面所講，英文比較多用名詞表達，呢句子句可以用retirement呢個名詞表達，簡潔又清楚。
2.2：Continue their own business感覺就似係中文「繼續他們的生意」直譯做英文，雖然唔會完全理解唔到，不過就有啲突兀唔自然。呢度可以用carry on呢個動詞短詞（phrasal verb）。
(3) In this case, the owners have no choice but to close down their shops😢.
句子本身用咗business，如果想用字冇咁重複，可以諗吓有咩近義詞用：
- Company
- Firm
- Corporation
- Enterprise
- Shop
小編最後揀咗用shop，原因係佢哋經營嘅係文具店（stationery shop），用shop會比較具體啲～
（上文例子，均取自或改寫自考評局2020年英國語文科卷二考生示例。）
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